句型变化非常简单, / 先把句中动词看:/ be may must will can,/ 否定句not加后边。/ 通常问句也不难,/ 助情动词放句前;/ 两种回答yes no,/ 句首动词人后面。/ 没现成如何解决?/ do does did来相伴,/ 三单式过去要还原。/ 特殊问句更简单,/ 疑问词后跟通常。/ 事物职业等what,/ who人where问地址,/ whose哪个的所有权。/ 数目how many复后边,/ how much不可数和价钱。/ why问缘由慢慢谈,/ what time when时间, / how old岁数多少年?/ how be人身永康健!
例析
上述口诀表明:句型变化的重要是辨别和取决于句中的动词。假如句中有现成的 be ,have,used,may ,must ,will ,can等助动词或情态动词,则在其后直接加上not即构成否定句;将它提于句首则成为通常疑问句,在简略回答中,除there be句型外,在yes或no后边通常要用“人称代词主格+助动词或情态动词成分”,其中的助动词或情态动词应该与问句维持一致。比如, That’s her grandfather over there。
依据口诀,大家发现句中有现成的 be动词is ,无需其他的助动词来帮助,故本句的否定句为:That’s not her grandfather over there;通常疑问句及回答为:Is that her grandfather over there?Yes,he is;/ No,he isn’t. Tom used to read Chinese histories.,句中的used是一个突破口,故否定句为Tom used not to read Chinese histories;通常问句和回答为Used Tom to read Chinese histories ?Yes,he used;/ No,he usedn’t. 但依据传统习惯,本句也可以将used视为行为动词 use的过去式,故其否定句和通常疑问句及回答分别是Tom didn’t use to read Chinese histories和Did Tom use to read Chinese histories ?Yes,he did;No,he didn’t .
“没现成如何解决”指的是句中没be ,have,used,may ,must ,will ,can等助动词或情态动词的状况。假如没,则要依据动词的时态和形式借用相应的助动词 do,does或 did来帮助构成否定句或问句;“三单式过去要还原” 指的是在用 does或 did帮助构成否定句或问句后,原句中的动词第三人称单数形式或过去式需要改为动词原形,不然就有重复的错误,这也是很多学生惯犯的一种错误,令老师头疼。例 Li Ping goes shopping with her mother on Sundays。
句中有三单式goes , 立刻就联想到does的助动词功能,故本题的答案分别为Li Ping doesn’t go shopping with her mother on Sundays和Does Li Ping go shopping with her mother on Sundays?Yes,she does;/ No,she doesn’t. 但应该注意,do和have还有行为动词的功能,这是学生在做句型转换训练时遇见的又一难点,误将句中的do或have视为助动词而致使错误的结果。如 My brother does his homework in the evening,可以想到正确答案My brother doesn’t do his homework in the evening和Does your brother do his homework in the evening?的同学为数不多。 Jim’s parents have lunch in the factory,很多学生就错解为Jim’s parents haven’t lunch in the factory和Have Jim’s parents lunch in the factory? Yes , they have ; / No , they haven’t . 而本句中的have是行为动词“吃” 的意思,正确做法应该为Jim’s parents don’t have lunch in the factory和 Do Jim’s parents have lunch in the factory? Yes , they do ;/ No, they don’t .
“疑问词后跟通常”意思是特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+通常疑问句”构成,只须学生学会了通常疑问句的转换要素和各类疑问代词或疑问副词的意义和功能,特殊疑问句与其他的句型变化就会迎刃而解。
比如,口诀中的“事物职业等what”,其意义功能指的是what用来对事物、职业、名字、颜色等提问,如 My e-mail address is cindyj@pep.com.cn为What is your e-mail address? “who人where问地址”是指who用于对人物、身份、关系等句子成分提问而where用于对地址状语提问,例 Kate’s shoes are under the bed为Where are Kate’s shoes?
而表面看着很像的另一个句子The shoes under the bed are Kate’s,学生做起来就又感到纳闷了,是用where还是which提问呢?其纳闷的根本缘由是没弄懂画线部分under the bed在本句中是后置定语,故本题的正确解答应为Which shoes are Kate’s? “数目how many复后边”即对数目提问用how many,后面接复数形式,比如 There are fifty-two students in Tom’s class为How many students are there in Tom’s class?How many后边接的是复数形式students和are . how much用于对不可数名词或价钱提问,如 The black pants are $75为How much are the black pants? 当然,本句也可以表示为What’s the price of the black pants? “how be人身永康健”即How be sb? 通常用于询问某人的身体健康情况,如 ——How are you?—— I’m well, thank you .